TUGAS ENGLISH MEETING ISU INTERNASIONAL

    Nama: Sitti Wardhani Fausa

    N.I.M : 45 11 101 072

                                                  Climate Change

            Discussion of climate change issues currently focused on the discussion of climate change post-2012 arrangements, particularly the commitment of developed countries to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a follow-up to the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period. One cause of protracted negotiations meant partly due to reluctance of developed countries to commit to reduce its national GHG emissions without the participation of developing countries and a discussion of the difficulties of funding and technological support from developed countries to developing countries.

COP-13 meeting in 2007, in Bali has produced a breakthrough in the discussion of climate change issues through (i) the Bali Action Plan (BAP) and the Bali Roadmap, and (ii) Operationalization of the Adaptation Fund. In terms of process, discussion of the BAP agreed with the Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) which will be completed at COP-15, Copenhagen.

COP-16/CMP-6 meeting in Cancun, Mexico, 29 November to 10 December 2010 successfully agree on Cancun Agreements, which are expected to encourage the achievement of legally binding outcomes in COP-17/CMP-7 in 2011. In essence, Cancun Agreements generated driven party, but by pursuing the achievement of a compromise position between the Parties (the balanced package).

Cancun Agreements is a collection of 25 decisions that had been agreed, both in terms of COP and CMP-16-6, with 2 (two) main documents, namely:

a. Decision 1/CP.16, contains the text of the negotiations as a result of a compromise of the AWG-LCA, which contains the building blocks BAP, namely shared vision, adaptation, mitigation, financing, technology development and transfer and capacity building.

b. Decision 1/CMP.6 extend the mandate of the AWG-KP to continue the discussion of the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol, taking into account the progress of discussions that have been produced at the Cancun meeting. This decision also noted the commitment (pledge) economy-wide emission reduction targets of Annex 1 parties and mandated an increase in the level of ambition of the countries concerned. This decision indicates the emission trading and project-based flexibility mechanisms must remain available, along with the implementation of activities related to land use, land use change forestry (LULUCF) in efforts to reduce GHG emissions at the global level.

Although the results of Cancun has not comprehensively reflect the main preamble preamble-developed countries, but the agreement is expected to be a stepping stone in pursuing the achievement of legally binding instrument on COP-17/CMP-7 in Durban.

Indonesia will always prioritize the importance of the formation of a new regime post-2012 climate change that reflect the mandate of the Bali Roadmap and Bali Action Plan (BAP) which includes the issue of mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, funding and shared vision.

On many occasions both formal and informal meetings, Indonesia has consistently conveyed the importance of the completion of the mandate of the BAP and stressed the importance of the achievement of legally binding outcomes on climate change talks.Indonesia also continues to encourage countries involved in negotiations to consider the results of a realistic and acceptable to all parties, with the advanced versatility of the position of each country

Appreciation of the international community towards Indonesia in order to encourage an active role in the progress of climate change talks also reflected in the invitation of Prime Minister of Norway to the President of the Republic of Indonesia to jointly lead the meeting of the Oslo Climate and Forest Conference on 26-27 May 2010. The meeting is an implementation of the commitments that have been included in the CA to encourage early implementation of REDD + funding as the embodiment of sustainable forest management.Oslo Climate and Forest Conference to launch the partnership momentum Interim REDD + Partnership Arrangement, which in addition is expected to coordinate follow-up action and initial funding for the conservation of forests effectively and efficiently, as well as to support the process of negotiations on the issue of REDD in the UNFCCC. This initiative will in time be replaced by the UNFCCC, including REDD + mechanism as a result of the negotiation process.

Looking ahead, Indonesia is expected to continue to be consistent with an active and constructive role by encouraging states parties to be more flexible in seeking a compromise, with no sacrifice of national interests, particularly the interests of developing countries. It is important to encourage the success of achieving legally binding outcome, as mandated by the BAP.

Indonesia also saw significant marine and coastal ecosystems are sustained as a component that will increase resilience to climate change. Therefore, marine and coastal management approach is critical in supporting resilience in the context of adaptation to climate change impacts on the ocean. In the framework of adaptation, necessary exchange of experiences and best practices as well as increased vulnerability assessment of marine and coastal impacts of climate change to facilitate the implementation of adaptation actions.

The discussion of climate change issues has also entered a new phase as the search for "breakthrough" new out of the negotiations within the framework of the UNFCCC for example through MEFEC (Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate), the OECD Ministerial Meeting and the G-20 forum. G-8 forum and a forum MEFEC "informal" in the discussion of climate change issues with a broader approach and realistic given the composition MEFEC involving "key actors" in the constellation of political and economic current.         

                       

           

           

                       

                                                                                                                       

Perubahan Iklim

Rabu, 22 Juni 2011

Pembahasan isu perubahan iklim saat ini terfokus pada pembahasan mengenai pengaturan perubahan iklim pasca 2012, khususnya komitmen negara-negara maju untuk penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) sebagai tindak lanjut periode komitmen pertama Protokol Kyoto. Salah satu penyebab berlarutnya negosiasi dimaksud antara lain disebabkan keengganan negara maju untuk berkomitmen menurunkan emisi GRK nasional-nya tanpa keikutsertaan negara berkembang dan alotnya pembahasan mengenai dukungan pendanaan dan teknologi dari negara maju kepada negara berkembang.

Pertemuan COP-13 tahun 2007, di Bali telah menghasilkan terobosan dalam pembahasan isu perubahan iklim melalui (i) Bali Action Plan (BAP) dan Bali Roadmap; serta (ii) Operasionalisasi Adaptation Fund. Dari sisi proses, disepakati pembahasan BAP melalui Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) yang akan diselesaikan di COP-15, Kopenhagen.

Pertemuan COP-16/CMP-6 di Cancun, Meksiko, 29 November – 10 Desember 2010 berhasil menyepakati Cancun Agreements, yang diharapkan dapat mendorong tercapainya legally binding outcome pada COP-17/CMP-7 tahun 2011. Pada hakikatnya, Cancun Agreements dihasilkan secara party driven, namun dengan mengupayakan tercapainya kompromi posisi diantara Para Pihak (balanced package).

Cancun Agreements merupakan kumpulan 25 keputusan yang berhasil disepakati, baik dalam kerangka COP-16 maupun CMP-6, dengan 2 (dua) dokumen utama yaitu:

a.     Decision 1/CP.16, berisi teks negosiasi sebagai hasil kompromi dari proses AWG-LCA, yang memuat building blocks BAP, yaitu shared vision, adaptasi, mitigasi, pendanaan, technology development and transfer dan capacity building.

b.     Decision 1/CMP.6 memperpanjang mandat AWG-KP untuk meneruskan pembahasan  periode komitmen kedua Protokol Kyoto, dengan memperhatikan kemajuan pembahasan yang telah dihasilkan pada pertemuan Cancun.  Keputusan ini juga mencatat komitmen (pledge) economy-wide emission reduction target Annex 1 parties dan mengamanatkan peningkatan level ambisi negara-negara dimaksud. Keputusan ini mengindikasikan emission trading dan project-based flexibility mechanism harus tetap tersedia, bersamaan dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan terkait land use, land use change forestry (LULUCF) dalam upaya penurunan emisi GRK di tingkat global.

Meskipun hasil dari Cancun belum secara komprehensif merefleksikan konsideran-konsideran utama negara berkembang, namun kesepakatan tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi batu pijakan dalam mengupayakan tercapainya legally binding instrument pada COP-17/CMP-7 di Durban.

Indonesia akan senantiasa mengedepankan pentingnya pembentukan rejim baru perubahan iklim paska tahun 2012 yang merefleksikan amanat Bali Roadmap dan Bali Action Plan (BAP) yang mencakup isu mitigasi, adaptasi, transfer teknologi, pendanaan dan shared vision.

Dalam berbagai kesempatan baik di pertemuan formal dan informal, Indonesia secara konsisten menyampaikan pentingnya penyelesaian mandat BAP dan menekankan pentingnya pencapaian legally binding outcome pada perundingan perubahan iklim. Indonesia juga terus mendorong negara-negara yang terlibat dalam negoisasi untuk mempertimbangkan satu hasil yang realistis dan dapat diterima semua pihak, dengan mengedepankan fleksibilitas atas posisi masing-masing negara

Penghargaan masyarakat internasional terhadap peran aktif Indonesia guna mendorong kemajuan dalam perundingan perubahan iklim juga tercermin dari undangan Perdana Menteri Norwegia kepada Presiden RI untuk secara bersama memimpin pertemuan Oslo Climate and Forest Conference pada tanggal 26-27 Mei 2010. Pertemuan ini merupakan implementasi komitmen yang telah dicantumkan dalam CA untuk mendorong implementasi pendanaan awal kegiatan REDD+ sebagai perwujudan pengelolaan hutan secara berkelanjutan. Oslo Climate and Forest Conference menjadi momentum peluncuran kemitraan Interim REDD+ Partnership Arrangement, yang selain diharapkan dapat mengkoordinasikan tindak lanjut aksi dan pendanaan awal bagi konservasi hutan secara efektif dan efisien, juga untuk mendukung proses perundingan menyangkut isu REDD di UNFCCC. Inisiatif ini pada waktunya akan diganti dengan mekanisme UNFCCC termasuk REDD+ sebagai hasil proses perundingan.

Ke depan, diharapkan Indonesia dapat terus konsisten dengan peran yang aktif dan konstruktif dengan mendorong negara-negara pihak agar dapat lebih fleksibel dalam mengupayakan kompromi, dengan tidak mengorbankan kepentingan nasional, khususnya kepentingan negara berkembang.  Hal ini penting kiranya untuk mendorong keberhasilan mencapai legally binding outcome, seperti yang dimandatkan oleh BAP.

Indonesia juga memandang penting ekosistem laut dan pesisir yang berkelanjutan sebagai komponen yang akan meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan pengelolaan laut dan pesisir sangat penting dalam mendukung ketahanan tersebut dalam rangka adaptasi terhadap dampak perubahan iklim pada laut. Dalam rangka adaptasi, diperlukan pertukaran pengalaman dan best practices serta peningkatan penilaian kerentanan laut dan pesisir terhadap dampak perubahan iklim untuk memfasilitasi pelaksanaan aksi adaptasi.

Pembahasan isu perubahan iklim juga telah memasuki tahap baru sebagai upaya mencari “terobosan” baru di luar perundingan dalam kerangka UNFCCC misalnya melalui MEFEC (Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate), Pertemuan Tingkat Menteri OECD dan dalam forum G 20. Forum G-8 dan MEFEC merupakan forum “informal” dalam pembahasan isu perubahan iklim dengan pendekatan yang lebih luas dan realistis mengingat komposisi MEFEC yang melibatkan “aktor kunci” dalam konstelasi politik dan ekonomi saat ini.