CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Literary work is a picture of societal life. Literature can also be used to illustrate what the author feels on the life around her. Literature can entertain by presenting the beauty, giving meaning to life (death, misery, or joy) or providing the release to the world of imagination. According to Matthew Arnold in Graham Little (1970: 1), a literature is a principal element of its culture. It contains the record of the SHRSOH¶V values, on their thoughts, on their problems and conflicts-in short on their whole of life. Whether transmitted through the spoken or the written word, literature may be fairly regarded as the chief art of mankind. Through this art, each generation tries to SDVV RQ WR QH[W ³WKH best which has been thought and said ". On the other
hand, literature is also a response to the development of an era. Then, literature can be a factor in influencing the change in a day.
The novel is one kind of literatures. As said by Robert Stanton (1965:44), the novel is a long story. It presents in detail the development of a character or a large complex or a social situation involving many characters relationship or a complicated event covering many years or a complex relationship among a few characters. Novel has a variety of themes and content, among other social problems, which generally occurs in the community, including women. The problems concerning women are still
interesting and very important to discuss. Women underwent oppression, exploitation, business, social pressure, and even sexual harassment. Many women who have a dual role other than as housewives, they also serve as the women who work, or better known as career women. Therefore,
women can not participate in the community intact. On one side of the women wanted to participate fully both in the family and society, on the other hand women should not forget his nature as a woman. According to Ratna (2005:43), in social life also looks the role of women. In many areas women have participated, either as civil servants or private. Even many women who occupy important positions in government, as ministers, the directorate generals, even as a president. Faced with these problems is necessary to appropriate strategies to support women in the active role both within and outside the family as a career woman without getting a negative view of
society. The strategy is women emancipation.
According to Nawal El Sadawi (2007: 311), a battle between men and women was established patriarchal system and has continued for centuries until today. Man is the human species that has never has a fear when woman will get the position higher than him and he will try to get back his right or position. Starting from these opinions, then women do struggle against the powers that place them at a lower position compared with men.
This is contrary to the statement of Mahatma Gandhi (2005: 5) that women are partners of men who have the same abilities with the man and have full rights to participate in the activities of men in the smallest details. Women
also have the right to liberty and freedom same as men. It means women have highest place in her activity same as man. In Islam, a woman is not responsible for the families earn, so she can fully devote her attention to the affairs of her family life, educate children and raise them. However that does not mean women should not work, studying or doing other activities. So, the position of women equal to men in God's eyes, this can be seen in Surat Al-Hujurat: 13.Men, we have created you from a male and female, and made you intonations and tribes, that you might get to know one another.
(Zayid, 1980; 384) From the above verse we can understand that the religion of Islam was also prospering between men and women, even more precious. In this study the authors wanted to discuss about Abidah El-KKDOLHT\¶s Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. The characters and the issues raised in this novel show the injustice to the woman and then lead to the female emancipation movement. Basically, the novel tells the story of Annisa life's journey as a main character who encounters some problems with the figures, namely: Syamsuddin, Kudhori, Kalsum and Rizal. Emancipation of women contained in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban associated with perspective on the role of men and women is shown by the presence of characters that experience various events related to the problem of injustice toward women.
Abidah El Kalieqy is an expert literary, so she is sensitive to the socio- cultural phenomenon that occurred in Indonesia. Life is so complex, she was able to write with simple language, daring to break taboos, especially about sex and it is often understood as a kind of liberation of women even as feminism. She was also able to describe the lives of women with inequality
against men.
In this study the authors showed the emancipation values of the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. The writer hopes that this research can reveal the problems of women who applied unfairly by life. And the writer hope to the women can face her day wisely, not defeat. So, for this purpose the writer
is interested in conducting research entitled “WOMAN EMANCIPATION AS SEEN IN ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY¶6 NOVEL PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN´
B.Problem Statement
In this research, the writer would like to focus on the following problems
1.How are the intrinsic literary elements of the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban used by the author to express the theme of woman emancipation?
2.How the author describes the emancipation of women in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban?
C. Objectives of study
Based on the statement of the problems above, the objectives of the study are as following:
1.To describe the intrinsic of literary elements of the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban .
2.To describe the values that conveyed the author's emancipation in the novel.
D. Benefit of Study
The benefits of this research are divided into two parts:
1.Practically
The benefits of this study are:
a.For readers, this research can help the reader to add the interest in reading literary works, especially among students STAIN Salatiga.
b.For researchers, these researchers can enrich literary insights and add vocabulary of literary research.
c.Enlarge and develop the study of literature, especially with a feminist approach to literature.
d.Provide the knowledge and right understanding of emancipation to be used as reference for students of English Language Programs in arranging a graduating paper.
2.Theoretically
This study can be a reference about women emancipation in the general theory of conception and Islamic point of view.
E.Definition of the study
Then, the writer need to define terms used in this study as follows:
1.Woman Emancipation
a.Woman is the female of the human race, and adult or grownup female, as distinguish from a man, a female attendant on a person of rank, a female domestic, mistress or sweetheart, a man having effeminate qualities, as timidity (Grolier:1974; 1144).
b.Emancipation is the act of emancipating; deliverance from bondage or controlling influence, liberation (Grolier, 1974: 319).
c.Emancipation of woman is giving or obtaining all or some of the rights, opportunities. (Hornby, 1978: 281).
2.Novel
According to Graham little (1970: 101), a novel will display realism of background and atmosphere. A novel will present us with a clear picture of its times, and lead us to feel that we know its setting as if we have lived in it ourselves. The social, as well as the physical setting, its
part of this background. Even when the novel is a fantasy, realism of presentation of setting is still vital to the success of the work.
F. Review of Preview Researchers
Iswatun Maftuhah (2002) in her thesis entitled The Concept of Gender (A Quranic Perspective) says that gender occurs because of the social construction. The problems that occur are unfair, especially for woman. The problems are the violence, double
burden, the differences stereotype, discrimination, and subordination. Then she tried to connect the issue of gender inequality with perspective Quran, because there are many explaining about gender. It does not talk about the relationship between man and woman but also talk about their role and position in society.
Shoifah Muslikhatis Shofa (2007) in her thesis The Concept of Islamic Gender Relationship (A case study in Sachiko Murata Perspective) also says that, discriminative acts are caused by the lack of understanding about the values of equality between man and woman, which finally cause discriminative gender act, including marginalization,subordination, stereotype, violence and burden. Then, women to justify their own existence on their position against the men. Many sexiest acts can be seen due to the raise of group that struggle for the equality between the woman and man,
feminism. Paternalistic ideology has pushed the group of feminist to create ideas about the equality between the woman and the man. They wanted an equal condition where is no discrimination in all life aspects. She also explains that position of men and women is naturally equal. From these opinions,
Shoifah try to correlate between the concept of gender in Islam toward Sachiko MuraWD¶V SHUVSHFWLYH (Concept of Taoism Philosophy, YIN and YANG) about feminism.
Besides two researches above, the writer also analyzes the research entitled The Concept of
Kartinian Woman Emancipation a Quranic Perspsective written by Lisna Hasanah (2002). In her thesis, Kartini argued that the goal of national development would be reached by education; woman
also had the right to get education. It means, her idea is in accordance with Islamic teaching. Lisna Hasanah tries to analyze the woman emancipation.
G.Research Method
This is library research. According to Supranto (2003: 28), library research is research done by reading literature, such as, books, magazines, journals and other data sources in the library. The method used in analyzing the novel Perempuan Berkalung sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy is descriptive method. Descriptive metods is telling and interpreting existing data, for example, about the situation is experienced, one activity relationships, outlook, attitude was revealed, or a process that took place and affected by what is happening, abnormalities that often occur, the tendency which seemed, pointed disagreement, etc. (Surakhmad, 1964: 139).
This research method as follows:
1.Data source
a.The primary data source
The primary data source is the original source. A source of data in this study was novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, by: Abidah El Khalieqy, published by Galang Printika Yogyakarta, First Printed on March 2001.
b.Secondary data sources
It is a data source, which is used to support and complete the primary data. The data is taken from any kinds of books and relevant materials such as books of hadist, journal, internet, which support the
research.
Data collection techniques
In collecting the data, the writer does some following steps:
a.Reading and analyzing the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban.
b.Collecting the data from books and academic writing that have relation with the research.
c.Writing down the important note in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and others books.
d.Arranging the data into several parts.
e.Concluding the data
Data analysis techniques
To analysis the data the writer uses descriptive analysis and the interpretation of the text is content analysis. The steps are:
a. Collecting references relevant to the analysis of the novel
b.Describing synopsis of the novel
c. Extracting the values of emancipation
d.Concluding the data analysis.
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