Good afternoon sahabat blogger, hari ini saya akan menulis sebuah artikel yang membahas tentang SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, kenapa saya menulis artikel ini, karena saya secara pribadi menganggap bahwa menulis sambil belajar adalah hal yang paling efektif dan mudah untuk saya mengerti terutama mengingatnya, soalnya saya orangnya sedikit agak pelupa, okay tanpa panjang lebar saya akan memulai dengan:
Simple present tense merupakan salah satu jenis pola kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris. Simple berarti sederhana dan present berarti sekarang. Jadi, simple present tense adalah pola kalimat untuk menceritakan kejadian yang berlangsung saat ini dan dalam bentuk yang sederhana.
Pola Simple Present Tense
Infinitive verbs
Positive : I/You/We/They + Verb I | He/she/it + Verb I(s/es)
Negative : I/You/We/They + do + not + Verb I | He/she/it + does + not + Verb I
Interrogative : Do + I/You/We/They + Verb I | Does + he/she/it + verb I
Penambahan s atau es pada kata kerja disesuaikan dengan kata kerjanya. Untuk kata kerja yang diakhiri dengan huruf vokal bukan e atau yang diakhiri huruf konsonan tinggal ditambahkan s, sedangkan untuk kata kerja yang diakhiri huruf e tinggal ditambahkan s.
Contoh:
write => writes
read => reads
get => gets
go => goes
Contoh kalimat simple present yang menggunakan infinitive verbs:
(+): Budi writes a letter.
(+): (Budi menulis surat.)
(-): Budi does not write a letter.
(-): Budi tidak menulis surat.
(?): Does Budi write a letter?
(?): Apakah Budi menulis surat?
(+): Ani reads a book.
(+): (Ani membaca buku.)
(-): Ani does not read a book.
(-): (Ani tidak membaca buku.)
(?): Does Ani read a book?
(?): Apakah Ani membaca buku?
(+): They go to school.
(+): (Mereka pergi ke sekolah.)
(-): They do not go to school.
(-): (Mereka tidak pergi ke sekolah.)
(?): Do they go to school?
(?): (Apakah mereka pergi ke sekolah?)
(+): We get money.
(+): (Kami mendapatkan uang.)
(-): We do not get money.
(-): (Kami tidak mendapatkan uang.)
(?): Do we get money?
(?): (Apakah kami mendapatkan uang?)
To be
Positive: Subject + to be + Adjective/Adverb/Noun
Negative: Subject + to be + not + Adjective/Adverb/Noun
Interrogative: To be + Adjective/Adverb/Noun
Kata ganti orang beserta to be (am/is/are)
I => am
He/she/it => is
You/We/They => are
Adjective: kata sifat
Adverb: kata keterangan
Noun : kata benda
Contoh kalimat simple present yang menggunakan to be:
(+): He is a teacher.
(+): (Dia adalah seorang guru.)
(-): He is not a teacher.
(-): (Dia bukan seorang guru.)
(?): Is he a teacher?
(?): (Apakah dia seorang guru?)
(+): I am handsome.
(+): (Saya tampan.)
(-): I am not handsome.
(-): (Saya tidak tampan.)
(?): Am I handsome?
(?): (Apakah saya tampan?)
(+): They are my family.
(+): (Mereka adalah keluargaku.)
(-): They are not my family.
(-): (Mereka bukan keluargaku.)
(?): Are they my family?
(?): (Apakah mereka keluargaku?)
Singkatan-singkatan:
I'm = I am
don't = do not
doesn't = does not
he's = he is
she's = she is
you're = you are
they're = they are
we're = we are
isn't = is not
aren't = are not
Adverb of frequency (kata keterangan waktu)
always = selalu
usually = biasanya
often = sering
sometimes = kadang-kadang
never = tidak pernah
Fungsi Simple Present Tense
1. Menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan secara berulang kali.
Contoh:
Andi eats rice everyday.
(Andi makan nasi setiap hari.)
2. Menyatakan keadaan atau situasi yang permanen.
Contoh:
Mount Semeru is in East Java.
(Gunung Semeru di Jawa Timur.)
3. Menyatakan fakta umum atau peristiwa alam.
Contoh:
Water flows from the highland to the lowland.
(Air mengalir dari dataran tinggi ke dataran rendah.)
4. Menyatakan gagasan dan perasaan.
Contoh:
I love you.
(Aku cinta kamu.)
5. Memberikan intstruksi atau petunjuk.
Contoh:
You go to the market and buy a snack.
(Kamu pergi ke pasar lalu beli camilan.)
FORM
[VERB] + s/es in third person
Examples:
- You speak English.
- Do you speak English?
- You do not speak English.
USE 1 Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
- I play tennis.
- She does not play tennis.
- Does he play tennis?
- The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
- The train does not leave at 9 AM.
- When does the train usually leave?
- She always forgets her purse.
- He never forgets his wallet.
- Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
- Does the Sun circle the Earth?
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
- Cats like milk.
- Birds do not like milk.
- Do pigs like milk?
- California is in America.
- California is not in the United Kingdom.
- Windows are made of glass.
- Windows are not made of wood.
- New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
Examples:
- The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
- The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
- When do we board the plane?
- The party starts at 8 o'clock.
- When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
Examples:
- I am here now.
- She is not here now.
- He needs help right now.
- He does not need help now.
- He has his passport in his hand.
- Do you have your passport with you?
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
- You only speak English.
- Do you only speak English?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
- Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active
- Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive
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